时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：曲艺
Category: Recitative, story-telling
地区：山东
Region: Shandong Province
编号：Ⅴ-4
Ref. No.: V-4
申报地区或单位：山东省
Nominating unit[s]: Shandong Province
山东大鼓是我国北方现存最早的曲艺鼓书暨鼓曲形式，相传形成于明代末期，已有三百五十多年的历史。它发源于鲁西北农村，又名"犁铧大鼓"，或作"梨花大鼓最初只是敲击犁铧碎片伴奏，采用山东方言来演唱当地的民歌小调，后逐渐发展为有板式变化的成套唱腔、敲击矮脚鼓和特制的半月形梨花片并有三弦伴奏的说唱表演形式。
Shandong Dagu ('Big Drum' Recitative) is the earliest one of the existing folk art forms of drum music and recitative in North China. It is said that it took form in the late Ming Dynasty, with a history of more than 350 years. It, also known as Ploughshare dagu or Pear Blossom dagu, was originally developed by folks in rural areas in northwest Shandong Province. It was initially performed in Shandong dialects, accompanied by percussion of ploughshares. Later, it gradually evolved into a narrating and singing show, featuring a complete set of vocal music with variable beats, and employing accompanying instruments like Aijiaogu (a type of drum), special lunate Lihuapian and three-stringed lyre.
清末以前，山东大鼓一直活跃于农村，著名艺人有郭老占、何老凤、范其凤、李老凤等，以后白妞（王小玉）、黑妞进入城市演唱，女艺**量增加。享盛名的有上半截、下半截、盖山东、白菜心、郭大妮等。20世纪30年代以后享名曲坛的是所谓的"四大玉"，即谢大玉、李大玉、赵大玉、孙大玉。之后，杜大桂、姬素英、鹿巧玲相继而起，山东大鼓流传地区由山东城乡扩展到徐州、南京、上海、郑州、洛阳、汉口、重庆，北至北京、天津和东北各地，盛极一时。
Shandong Dagu was quite popular in rural areas before the end of Qing Dynasty. Famous artisans highly skilled in this art included Guo Laozhan, He Laofeng, Fan Qifeng, Li Laofeng, etc. Later, Bainiu (Wang Xiaoyu) and Heiniu performed in the urban area. The quantity of female artisans had been increased substantially. Those well-known female artisans included Shangbanjie, Xiabanjie, Gaishandong, Baicaixin, Guo Dani, etc. After the 1930s, the so-called "Four Dayu" (Sidayu), namely, Xie Dayu, Li Dayu, Zhao Dayu, and Sun Dayu were enjoying great popularity. Later, Du Dagui, Ji Suying and Lu Qiaoling became famous one after another. Shandong 'Big Drum' Recitative had reached its peak, spreading from urban and rural areas in Shandong Province to Xuzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Hankou, Chongqing, as well as Beijing, Tianjin and various places in the northeast China in the north.
